Tools: Research Tips

• When keyword searching, use key words that best describe your topic.  The objective is to get a small group of relevant records.  People, places themes, characters, time periods, events, types of information (i.e. ethnography) issues and more can be key words.  What words or phrases best describe your topic?

• For locating primary source material, consider these “subject keywords”: sources, documents, personal narrative, documentary history, archives, manuscripts, correspondence, speech*, oration, statistics, cartoon*, interview*, oral history*.

• Evaluate your search results.  Click on the title to view the entire record, including chapters and subject headings.  If you don’t see related materials in the top 10-20 items of your search results, reconstruct your search using alternative keywords, synonyms, narrower terms, more terms, etc.  

• Note the citation/source information (journal title, volume #, issue #, and date) before leaving the database, even if you just to go to another window.  The citation is the most important information in the database record and is required to locate the article text, online or in print.

• Raid bibliographies.  Books and articles have bibliographies and references.  Use them so you don’t have to spend hours searching databases.

• In the library, like materials are shelved together.  When looking for a particular book on the shelf, also scope out what’s shelved next to it.  Books and back issues of periodicals are interfiled on the shelves in call number order.

• Consult a librarian. We work across the disciplines and will refer you if necessary.  Librarians can help track down sources, explain library services, interpret citations, and suggest the most useful keywords.  The Ask a Librarian service provides 24/7 access to a librarian.

Consider your research problem:  What do you need to know and what are you trying to find out?  Consider time period, place, person or group, event or aspect.  Choose a topic that interests you!

Decide what types of sources you will need:  books, articles, encyclopedias, maps, newspapers, etc.

Gather background information on the topic:  explore your topic first—maybe start with a subject encyclopedia or other reference book for concise information or Wikipedia.

Use a question stem, such as those below, to help write a clear, focused research question:

• What is/was the role of . . . in . . .
• What are/were the effects/results of . . .
• Who/what influenced . . . to . . .
• What is/was the relationship between . . . and . . .
• How does/did . . . change . . .

Use this worksheet will help you brainstorm your research topic and narrow down keywords to help you look for supporting resources for your research questions. 

Link to make a copy of the Self-Guided Worksheet Developing Keywords. 

You will be prompted to make a copy. Fill out a copy for yourself in the Google Doc, or print it out and fill it out by hand. 

When keyword searching, use keywords that best describe your topic.  The objective is to get a small group of relevant records.  People, places themes, characters, time periods, events, types of information (i.e. ethnography) issues and more can be keywords.  What words or phrases best describe your topic?

Try: And, Or, Not

• And -- "cell phone" AND distraction
• Or -- ("cell phone" OR gps) and distraction
• Not -- (Distraction and children) NOT adolescents