Skip to Main Content

Citation Styles: APA

APA Style Manual Updates (7th Edition)

The current edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association was published in 2019 and included some noteworthy changes:

  • The publisher location is no longer included.
  • DOI’s (Digital Object Identifiers) or URLs will be inserted at the end of a citation when appropriate and available. 
  • One space after the period.
  • They (the plural pronoun) is now considered acceptable single pronoun usage. 

This page provides a short video introducing researchers to APA style, examples of reference citations, an overview of digital object identifiers, and links to more resources on in-text citations and reference pages. Please use our Ask A Librarian services if you need assistance citing in APA style. 

A Short Video Introduction to APA (7th Edition)

California State University Dominguez Hills Library. (2019, October 19). Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th Ed.YouTube. https://youtu.be/_fVv2Jt0o18?si=cyPm1jCat3D5Aq2S

Books

Book General Format
Last Name, First Initial. (Year Published). Title of Book. Publisher.
One author
Pinney, T. (2005). History of wine in America: From prohibition to the present. University of California Press.
Two authors
Reis, A., & Trout, J. (1993). The 22 immutable laws of marketing. Harper Business.
Book chapter
Konishi, S. (2001). Representing Aboriginal masculinity in Howard's Australia. In R.L. Jackson II and M. Balaji (Eds.), Masculinities and manhood (pp. 161-185). University of Illinois Press.
Three to twenty authors
Almond, D., Colfer, E., Doyle, R., Ellis, D., Hornby, N., Lanagan, M., Maguire, G., Ozeki, R., Park, L.S., & Wynn-Jones, T. (2007). Click. Arthur A. Levine Books.
Editors
Donohue, J. J., & Esposito, J. L. (Eds.). (2007). Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives. Oxford University Press.
Ebook version of print book


Verrill, A. H. (1916). Marooned in the forest: The story of a primitive fight for life
[Hathi Trust Digital Library version]. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/
001029608
Essay or chapter in an anthology/edited book
Porter, K. A. (1995). The grave. In S. Mee (Ed.), Downhome: An anthology of Southern women writers (pp. 461-67). Harcourt, Brace.
Translated book
Foucault, M. (1988). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason (R. Howard, Trans.). Vintage-Random House. (Original work published 1965).
Multi-volume work
Ford, B. (Ed.). (1988-91). The Cambridge guide to the arts in Britain (Vols. 1-9). Cambridge University Press.
Encyclopedia article
Escobar, E. (2004). Zoot suit. In The encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 898-899). Greenwood Press.
Edition other than the first
Shakur, A. (2014). Assata: An autobiography (2nd ed. ). Zed.
Group author
Oxford University Press. (2003). Reparación. In Oxford's Spanish Dictionary (3rd ed., pp 715). Oxford University Press.

 

Periodical Articles

Article General Format
Last Name, First Initial. (YearPublished). Title of Article. Title of Journal, VolumeNumber(IssueNumber), PageNumbers.

Digital Article General Format
Last Name, First Initial. (YearPublished). Title of Article. Title of Journal, VolumeNumber(IssueNumber), PageNumbers. DOI or URL

Article from database or electronic journal (when DOI is not available)


Bullock-Jordan, K. (1998). Queer reflections on the Black Radical Congress. Gay Community News, 24(1), 1-14. https://www.proquest.com/magazines/queer-reflections-on-black-radical-congress/docview/199425231/se-2?accountid=14522

Article from database or electronic journal (when DOI is available)


Morio, H., & Buchholz, C. (2008). How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. AI & Society, 23(2), 297-307. doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0

Article from digital newspaper

 

Sample, J. (2018, September 27). 28,000 Public servants sought student loan forgiveness. 96 got it. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com

  • When retrieving an article from a well-known website, such as the New York Times, only the site’s domain name is needed (in this case, http://www.nytimes.com).

  • When retrieving an article from a less well-known website, list the full URL.

Journal article


Wood, S. N., & Quackenbush, K. (2001). The sorcerer's stone: A touchstone for readers of all ages. English Journal, 90(3), 97-103.

Newspaper article

 

Curwen, T. (2011, August 9). Calligraphers still going against type. Los Angeles Times, pp. A1, A8.

Magazine article


Yeoman, B. (September-October 2011). Facing the future. Audubon, 64-69, 86-87.

Book review


Miner, V. (2004, December). Iowa meditations [Review of the book Gilead, 2004]. The Women's Review of Books, 19, 22.

More than twenty authors

(No more than twenty names in the citation)

 


*Pegion, K., Kirtman, B. P., Becker, E., Collins, D. C., LaJoie, E., Burgman, R., Bell, R., DelSole, R., Min, D., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Sinsky, E., Guan, H., Gottschalck, J., Metzger, E. J., Barton, N. P., Achuthavarier, D., Marshak, J., Koster, R., . . .  Kim, H. (2019). The subseasonal experiment (SubX): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(10), 2043-2061.


*Example taken from Purdue OWL: owl.purdue.edu

 

About DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers)

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER

A Digital Object Identifier, or DOI, is a unique, static number assigned to a particular article. Since URLs assigned to online documents can change, the designation of DOIs allows users to locate an article regardless of which database the article comes from or whether original website locations have been changed. Many--but not all--publishers provide a DOI on the first page of an article.

  • When used as an acronym, DOI is written in all caps. When listed as a part of a citation, it is written in lowercase: doi.

A DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL should be inserted at the end of a citation when appropriate and available (do not include both). The complete DOI link is normally allowed to be active/live for any assignment a student is submitting electronically. If the paper is being printed out and turned in to an instructor, the link should not be active. If you are able to locate a DOI for an ebook, include it at the end of the citation after the publisher.

Audio-Visual Materials

Audio-Visual General Format
Director Last Name, First Initial. (Director). (Date of Publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production Company.

Film/motion picture
Duvernay, A. (Director). (2016). 13th [Film]. Kandoo Films.

Music album
Marley, B. (1977). Exodus [Album]. Island Tuff Gong.

Podcast series


Buzzfeed (Executive Producer). (2015-2017). Another round [Audio podcast]. Panopoly Media. https://www.buzzfeed.com/anotherround

Ted Talk
Mason-Hogans, D. (2020, June 17). Why the way we tell stories and document history is a social justice issue. TEDx Chapel Hill. Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/bu6lT

TV series
Rae, I. (Executive Producer). (2019-present). A Black lady sketch show [TV series]. Issa Rae Productions.

YouTube video
Graduate Center, The City College of New York. (2018, June 22). LGBTQ pride month: A conversation with Patrisse Cullors-2018 Josè Muñoz Award [YouTube]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmZfAOBz7uo

 

Webpages

Webpage General Format
Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL

Webpage (Individual)

 

Cullors, P. (2020). Patrisse Cullors: Artist, organizer, freedom fighter. Patrisse Cullors. https://patrissecullors.com.

Webpage (Group)

 The Okra  Project. (n.d.). We are the Okra Project. The Okra Project. https://www.theokraproject.com/

Webpage (Organization)

 Library Freedom Project. (n.d.). Library freedom. Library Freedom Institute. https://libraryfreedom.org/index.php/lfi/

Blog Post

 Zúniga, M. M. (2006, August 24). Bush's latest PR hoax. Daily Kos. http://www.dailykos.com

X Post

 Bauman, J. [@JuliaBauman2]. (2025, February 25). A new paper shows that personalized pancreatic cancer vaccines can keep patients cancer-free for years - an incredible outcome for a cancer [post]. X. https://x.com/JuliaBauman2/status/
1894471204339421678

 

Login to LibApps