The latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) includes some noteworthy changes:
BOOKS |
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GENERAL FORMAT | AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (YearPublished). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher. |
One author | Pinney, T. (2005). History of wine in |
Two to seven authors | Bär, C., Ginoux, N., & Pfäffle, F. (2007). Wave equations on Lorentzian manifolds and quantization. Zürich, Switzerland: European Mathematical Society. |
Corporate author | Center for Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association. (2004). Model code of judicial conduct. |
Editors | Donohue, J. J., & Esposito, J. L. (Eds.). (2007). Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives. |
Electronic version of print book | Verrill, A. H. (1916). Marooned in the forest: The story of a primitive fight for life [Hathi Trust Digital Library version]. Retrieved from http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001029608 |
Translated book | Foucault, M. (1988). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason (R. Howard, Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage-Random House. (Original work published 1965). |
Multivolume work | Ford, B. (Ed.). (1988-91). The Cambridge guide to the arts in Britain (Vols. 1-9). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. |
Encyclopedia article |
Escobar, E. (2004). Zoot suit. In The encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 898-899). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. |
Book chapter | Konishi, S. (2011). Representing Aboriginal masculinity in Howard’s Australia. In R.L. Jackson II and M. Balaji (Eds.), Masculinities and Manhood (pp. 161-185). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. |
Essay or chapter in an anthology or edited book | Porter, K. A. (1995). The grave. In S. Mee (Ed.), Downhome: An anthology of Southern women writers (pp. 461-67). San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace. |
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DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIERS
A Digital Object Identifier, or DOI, is a unique, static number assigned to a particular article. Since the URLs assigned to online documents can potentially change, the designation of DOIs allows users to locate an article regardless of which database the article comes from. Many--but not all--publishers provide a DOI on the first page of an article.
GENERAL FORMAT (electronic) |
AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (YearPublished). Title of Article. Title of Book/Journal, VolumeNumber(IssueNumber), PageNumbers. DOI or Retrieved from Nameofdatabase |
Article from library database or electronic journal (when DOI is not available) | Longaretti, L., & Wilson, J. (2006). The impact of perceptions on conflict management. Educational Research Quarterly, 29(4), 3-15. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com |
Article from library database or electronic journal (when DOI is available) | Morio, H., & Buchholz, C. (2008). How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from a cross-cultural perspective. AI & Society, 23(2), 297-307. doi:10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0 |
Article from newspaper, magazine or website | Kristof, K. M. (2009, July 5). New student repayment plan is based on borrower’s income. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com |
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GENERAL FORMAT (print) |
AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (YearPublished). Title of Article. Title of Book/Journal, VolumeNumber(IssueNumber), PageNumbers. |
Journal article | Wood, S. N., & Quackenbush, K. (2001). The sorcerer's stone: A touchstone for readers of all ages. English Journal, 90(3), 97-103. |
Newspaper article | Curwen, T. (2011, August 9). Calligraphers still going against type. Los Angeles Times, pp. A1, A8. |
Magazine article | Yeoman, B. (September-October 2011). Facing the future. Audubon, 64-69, 86-87. |
Book review | Miner, V. (2004, December). Iowa meditations [Review of the book Gilead, 2004]. The Women's Review of Books, 22, 19. |
Anonymous article | Education in America and Britain: Learning lessons From private schools. (2009, July 2). Economist, 20-21. |
Article with eight or more authors |
Stamova, B. S., Apperson, M., Walker, W.L., Tian, Y., Xu, H., Adamczyk, P., . . . Sharp, F.R. (2009, Aug 5). Identification and validation of suitable endogenous reference genes for gene expression studies in human peripheral blood. BMC Medical Genomics, 2(1), 49. |
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WEBSITES |
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GENERAL FORMAT |
AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (YearPublished). Title. Retrieved from URL | |
Blog post | Zúniga, M. M. (2006, August 24). Bush's latest PR hoax [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/08/24/239699/-Bushs-latest-PR-hoax | |
Entire website | Schroder, B. (2011). International Association for Environmental Philosophy. Retrieved from http://www.environmentalphilosophy.org/ | |
AUDIO and VISUAL MATERIALS |
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GENERAL FORMAT | AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (YearPublished). Title [Medium/Type]. PublicationPlace: Publisher. |
LP/CD/Streaming media | Jackson, M. (1993). Thriller. On Thriller [CD]. New York, NY: Epic Records. |
Film/Motion picture | Capra, F. (Director). (1946). It’s a wonderful life [Motion picture]. New York, NY: Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) Pictures. |
For more information on APA citation formats, consult the APA manual located at the Course Reserves, Services Desk:
American Psychological Association (2010). The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Course Reserves, Services Desk BF76.7 .P83 2010
More examples of APA style can be found online:
From OWL at Purdue University
From Northern Michigan University
From Ohio State University